The magnetic field is a region of space where magnetic forces are present.
It can be generated by the movement of charges or by electric currents flowing through a conductor.
Every moving charged particle creates a magnetic field, while a charged particle moving within a magnetic field is subject to a force perpendicular to its velocity (the so-called Lorentz force), which alters its trajectory.
For example, the Earth’s field, known as the geomagnetic field, protects the Earth from solar radiation by deflecting its flow.
By exploiting the correlation between electricity and magnetism, it is possible to build electric motors and generators, machines capable of converting electrical energy into motion and vice versa.
The direction of the magnetic field is indicated by the field lines, which conventionally run from the north pole to the south pole and are always closed lines. The field is measured in tesla (T) or in Gauss (G). The relationship 1 T = 10,000 G holds.
